A Social Examination On The Cold War - 969 Words

Brittany O’Neill May Paper Elaine Tyler takes a social examination on the war against communism in the book, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. May portrays the idea that the nuclear family structure was a way to amplify resistance against communism. The exterior threat of communism during the postwar and the Cold War era caused for interrelationships within marriages to become a longer and more stable environment. Compared to the previous book we read as a class, May takes a deeper look into history and finds geopolitical reasoning for the events of the postwar age. The interpersonal that May connects to the Cold War era allows for the reader to gain a broader concept of how society affected change. First within each book read this semester, each author takes a unique view on the Cold War. In John Gaddis’s The Cold War: A New History, Gaddis takes a series of books on the Cold War, condenses them and is able to give a fresh synopsis of the Cold War. His topics are broad and give a clear overview of the Cold War. He looks upon the leaders of the Cold War, including Joseph Stalin, Ronald Reagan, Nikita Khrushchev and others to find reasoning on the outcome of the Cold War. His story looks at the foreign policies of each country and dissects reasoning for the events that occurred during the time. In comparison to John Gaddis, May’s book has more social and domestic view on the Cold War. Gaining statistics and knowledge of the individuals that livedShow MoreRelatedA Look at the Final Chapter of Timothy Glander’s Book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and C1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe final chapter of Timothy Glander’s book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and Contemporary Implications (2000) stands as a disappointing example of academic research becoming hijacked by the author’s personal opinion. Focusing on the hidden nature of propaganda in American life, his concluding chapter presents a very drastic view of the individuals who crafted the academic subject now known as mass communications. I see the need for investigatingRead MoreThe Threat Of The Security Council ( Ips ) Is Of Paramount Importance For The Un Collective Security Sy stem1549 Words   |  7 Pagesto IPS†. In the first part of the essay, I will explain how the notion of threat to IPS has evolved after the end of the Cold War. Secondly, I will focus on the UNSC practice, on its unsolvable relation with the definition of threat to peace and on the possible challenges posed to the UNSC by the expansion of the notion. Finally, I will briefly take under examination the Gulf War case as a cornerstone in the concept expansion trend. Article 1(1) of the UN Charter sets the maintenance of internationalRead MoreThe Soviet Union s Breakdown And The Cold s War1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Cold s War had a noteworthy effect on relations between Western entrepreneur states and the Third s conditions World. Where examination of Western relations with Rwanda is concerned, the Cold s death War had an earth shattering effect. This modest state was a center of critical Western enthusiasm in spite of the way that it was arranged in the focal point of the world s slightest created landmass and was of no financial or vital centrality. Seen to be on the Right half of the Cold War ideologicalRead MoreMy First Semester Of Ib History Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion the information provided to me by these sources, justifying my thinking with the idea that: it would not be in a school textbook unless it was entirely accurate. However, the assigned reading packet of excerpts explaining the causes of World War I ripped my pr econceived notions about the unambiguous nature of history to shreds. Each excerpt was written by a different historian and took a dramatically different view on the issue. By the end of the class discussion it became clear that my teacherRead MoreChina s Foreign Policy Record967 Words   |  4 PagesThrough examination of China’s foreign policy record, particularly post-Cold War, a better understanding of the distinct approaches a realist theorist and a liberal theorist may have to the same event or policy, can be further explored through the lens of China. In his book, International Politics of the Asia Pacific, Yahuda states, â€Å"It is only since the end of the Cold War that China’s leaders have developed policies that recognize that the future security and prosperity of their country requiresRead MoreBrainwashing: Fact vs Fiction Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages Brainwashing could be explained through two opposite claims: First, by social traditions that have been victims of authoritarian regimes, and second, by political opponents responding to certain fiascos that contradict their religious and political beliefs by claiming that their citizens are victims of brainwashing or thought reform. Reasons to why brainwashing is an inaccurate phrase is because, prisoners of war tend to claim to have been brainwashed in order not to be held responsible forRead More Charles Frazier’s Cold Mountain Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Frazier’s Cold Mountain Overcast by the gloom of the Civil War, Charles Frazier’s Cold Mountain details the growth of his characters as they cope with uncertain times. The two protagonists, Ada and Inman, traverse parallel paths toward redemption. While Ada adapts to an unfamiliar mountainous existence, Inman braves the risk of desertion to return to her. Both characters, however, seek love, spirituality, and an understanding of their disrupted world, and through their kindred coursesRead MoreKurt Vonnegut : The Concept Of Postmodernism1598 Words   |  7 Pagescreationism. American writer Kurt Vonnegut, while not only satirical, was known uniquely to blend literature with concepts of history, science fiction, and pointed social commentary. He was a firm believer in the principles of the postmodern era, and his poem was dramatically relevant to his own experiences in World War Two as a Prisoner of War, and his ensuing suicide attempt in 1984. His poem â€Å"Untitled† further evokes the fant astical aforementioned definition, by which two girls are observing the worldRead MoreOn April 4Th 1967, Herbert Norman Canadian Ambassador To1586 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Relations. However, an unearthing of Norman s past, from his years at Cambridge and Harvard, would reveal close relationships with intellectual Marxists and Communists. These allegations would immediately spark American attention amidst the Cold War hysteria of McCarthyism. Herbert Norman was labeled and investigated as a Soviet double agent, and threat to the western democratic world. Following Norman’s suicide much remains unanswered, and controversy continues. Ultimately, the lack of evidenceRead MoreWorld War II : A Watershed Event1690 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was considered to be a watershed event in history by many historians. A watershed event is commonly referred to as an â€Å"event or period marking a turning point in a course of action or state of affairs†. World War II was an event that changed history and the aftermath wrecked most ideas of the future before the war. After the war every party wanted to not repeat this war, so instead of peace, the world rearmed with new technologies and humanitarian ideologies to prevent any form of the

The Adelphia Scandal Essay - 1114 Words

The Adelphia Scandal In 1952, John Rigas purchased his own cable company. By the late 1990s, he had turned it into the sixth largest cable company in the United States with 5.6 million customers. The business was always run as a family style business which led to fraudulent acts among family members and upper level executives. The family has been accused of stealing $3.1 billion from Adelphia and is now facing criminal charges. Adelphia was forced to file chapter 11 bankruptcy and as of April 24, 2004, the new board of directors made the decision to break up the company and sell it. The Adelphia scandal is morally wrong because the Rigas family coerced and exploited employees, harmed all stakeholders as well as stockholders, and†¦show more content†¦In addition, the Rigas family harmed all the stakeholders. Stakeholders are those groups who have a specific stake in or claim on the firm. Specifically suppliers, customers, employees, stockholders, and local community, a s well as management (Freeman 56). Adelphia Coliseum, now renamed The Coliseum, had to be renamed because of Adelphias bankruptcy. Adelphia Coliseum was a stakeholder. This made everyone who utilized the stadium a stakeholder as well. The stakeholders were harmed because when Adelphia went bankrupt, the coliseum was not completely paid for. Therefore, they had to find alternative ways to pay for the coliseum. The Rigas family was the manager of Adelphia and had a fiduciary responsibility to the stakeholders. This scandal was immoral because Adelphia did not fulfill their responsibilities to their stakeholders when it was their duty. According to Milton Friedman, stockholders are the owners of the corporation, and hence corporate profits belong to the stockholders. ManagersÂ…have a moral obligation to manage the firm in the interest of the stockholders (Friedman 45). Adelphia was managed in such a way that it was not in the stockholders interest, in fact, it was only man aged in the interest of the Rigas family. It is wrong to harm the stockholders because they have entrusted the company with their money with an expected return and maybe anShow MoreRelatedAdelphia Communications Scandal1563 Words   |  7 PagesAdelphia Communications scandal Matthew Tassin Trident University Ethics 501 Introduction Adelphia Communications Company was a television cable company whose headquarters centered in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. It ranked as the fifth most prestigious cable companies in United States. John Rigas is the founder of the company. The company was highly respected until an infamous scandal ensued following claims of bankrupt in 2002, at which time its headquarters relocated to greenwood VillageRead MoreEthical Discernment: The Adelphia Scandal1655 Words   |  7 PagesEthical discernment Adelphia scandal Statistical analysis This paper relies on secondary data on a past phenomenon. It combines data from journal and other internet sources to bring out aspects of unethical behavior by Adelphias top executive. The analysis of data takes two ethical frameworks. Ethics involve an individuals moral judgments concerning what is right and/or wrong. Individuals or groups of people are responsible for making decisions in an organization (shaw, 2008). Decisions withinRead MoreEssay on Adelphia Scandal2340 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ The Adelphia Scandal The Dawn of Adelphia Adelphia was founded in 1952 by John Rigas and his brother Gus Rigas in Coudersport, Pennsylvania with the purchase of their first cable franchise for $300. After 20 years, the Rigas brothers incorporated their company under the name Adelphia which derived its name from a Greek word which means brothers, an apt corporate title for a business that would employ generations of the Rigas family. Adelphia was a cable television companyRead MoreBusiness Ethics: Adelphia Scandal1476 Words   |  6 PagesCentury evolved, it appeared as if Adelphia Communications Corporation was on a direct path of success; unbeknownst to their investors and the public, they were in reality on a direct path of destruction instead. Unfortunately, Adelphia is not the first major company in the history of the United States’ business world to lose the trust of the American public, but it is certainly one of the most notable ones to do so. As the events surrounding the Adelphia scandal unfolded in full view of the publicRead MoreThe Adelphia Communications scandal Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The Adelphia Communications scandal occurred in March, 2002 when three of the original founding family members which included the father John Rigas, and two of his sons Michael and Timothy, along with two other company executives were arrested for improperly taking assets from the nation’s sixth-largest cable television company. The scam involved one of the biggest financial frauds faced by a publically held company. In the end stakeholders were forced to absorb massive losses asRead MoreAdelphia Communications Scandal Revealed Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesADELPHIA COMMUNICATIONS SCANDAL REVEALED ________________________________________ The Adelphia Communications Scandal Created Controversy. The Fraudster Got Sympathy From the Judge and Received a Light Sentence for Stealing From Old Folks. ________________________________________ The Adelphia Communications scandal broke in 2002 when a footnote in a routine quarterly earnings statement revealed that the Rigas family had borrowed more than $2 billion from the company. But they didnt pay it backRead MoreThe Adelphia Communications Scandal John Rigas started Adelphia Communcations in 1952 with the800 Words   |  4 Pages The Adelphia Communications Scandal John Rigas started Adelphia Communcations in 1952 with the help of two partners, but soon bought it out. The company was taken public in 1986 and as a result would have to abide by the regulations of the SEC. By the early 2000s, Adelphia was one of the top cable companies in the United States. This was the peak of a corporation that would begin a downward spiral over the first half of 2002 as a result of fraudulent use of the company’s assets at its’ shareholdersRead MoreEssay about Business Ethics and Kant1466 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Adelphia Communications’ leadership, particularly the Rigas family, violated the trust of the public and its investors through unethical and illegal business practices. First, a synopsis of the Adelphia scandal will be presented. Next, a brief overview of ethics and how they apply to maintaining good business and public trust will be discussed. Following the ethics overview, an outline of deontology and Kant’s Categorical Imperative will beRead MoreCorporate And Accounting Ethical Scandals1492 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over the past two decades there have been numerous corporate and accounting ethical scandals. In 2002, Adelphia Communications was among the most publicized ethical misconduct disasters. The breakdown of corporate integrity collectively cost Adelphia shareholders billions of dollars in fraudulent financial acts, marred customer/client trust, and saw senior management imprisoned (Markon Frank, 2002). Operating a business requires the owners to follow ethical guidelines that promoteRead MoreEssay on ETH501 Adelphia Case1512 Words   |  7 Pagesthis case study we are asked to draw upon deontological ethics, and discuss how Adelphia Communications’ executives violated the trust of the company’s shareholders and the trust of that of the larger public. To do this we first need to take a look at deontological ethics and how the philosophy of deontological ethics affects the choices that were made in the Adelphia Communications’ case. We will also look at the Adelp hia case and examine how its executives violated the trust of the company’s shareholders

The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s “Culture and Anarchy” Free Essays

The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"Culture and Anarchy† Culture, as defined by Matthew Arnold in his essay â€Å"Culture and Anarchy,† is the drive to attain perfection through development and growth bolstered by knowledge and appreciation of the beauty of humanity. Granted, this is an oversimplification of Arnold’s complex musings on what culture is, but this broad concept of culture, here, is useful in the discussion of the role of the individual in society. Ideally, for Arnold, those that perpetuate this idea of culture are the same people who ought to comprise a kind of rational control within the State. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"Culture and Anarchy† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Arnold works to define the three classes of 19th century England (Barbarians, Philistines, and Populace), and makes it clear, following his conditions for culture, that none of the classes have the appropriate means to govern properly. Arnold says, â€Å"It seeks to do away with classes; to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere. Ostensibly, it is up to the individual to transcend their class, and nurture the State in a utilitarian fashion. However, the chasm between the maturation of the individual and the ultimate betterment of the community seems daunting. Arnold’s ideal culture originates with the individual, as it is â€Å"a study of perfection,† which is â€Å"an inward condition of the mind and spirit. † Yet, â€Å"Perfection, as culture conceives it, is not possible while the individual remains isolated,† because, it is necessary, in order to obtain a collective perfection, that there be a ready exchange of ideas and sense of commonality. How can the potential danger of isolation via individualism be curbed? Additionally, Arnold is aware that a weighty facet of individualism is that people are concerned with, and believe in, having their personal freedoms—the â€Å"right to do what [one] likes. † This assumption of personal freedom can, according to Arnold, lead to anarchy. It looks, then, as if there must be a balance between the individual’s duty to himself, and duty to others. Indeed, Arnold contends, â€Å"the men of culture are the true apostles of equality,† at once extolling the potential of the individual, while maintaining the importance of a level society. However, these individuals cannot be ordinary, but must exemplify Arnold’s idea of the â€Å"best self,† or, the individual who is united, rather than at odds, with others. The people that can become their best self are â€Å"persons who are mainly led, not by their class spirit, but by a general humane spirit, by the love of human perfection. Here, the concept of the individual and the community can be reconciled, although the ability of one to completely transcend societal structures is idealistic. This idealism, for Arnold, is transferred to the art of his contemporaries. Regarding 19th century England, Arnold states, â€Å"Each section of the public has its own literary organ, and the mass of the public is without any suspicion that the value of these organs is relative to their being nearer a certain ideal centre of correct information, taste, and intelligence, or farther away from it. As Arnold depicts England’s current situation, it is clear that he believes that literature, like individuals—or as the product of individuals—should embody an ideal cultural universality. In looking at the literature of Victorian England, is it possible that there are any works, which would satisfy Arnold’s criteria for cultural harmony? How to cite The Role of the Individual in Matthew Arnold’s â€Å"Culture and Anarchy†, Essay examples

Organisational Theory free essay sample

â€Å"Power, conflict and resistance key determinants of organisational life. † -Modern, symbolic-interpretive, post-modern and critical theory perspectives have different ways of understanding power, control and resistance in organisations. Choose two of the four theoretical perspectives and discuss how each perspectives understanding of power, control and resistance in organisations contributes to different ideas about the nature of organisations. Introduction:The purpose of this essay is to analysis the two theoretical perspectives of Modern and Post-modern which have different ways of understanding power, control and resistance in organisations. We shall go through by the philosophical choices of ontology and epistemology, then examine the assumptions underlying of these two perspectives, and to compare from different perspectives and of distinctive contributions to the power, conflict and resistance which are key determinants of organisational life. Ranson et al. (1980), stated that â€Å"Organizational structure describes both the prescribed frameworks and realized configurations of interaction, and the degrees to which they are mutually constituted and constituting. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Modernism: As to Hatch and Cunliffe (2006), Modernist focus on Objectivism which is belief in objective, external reality that independently exist from our knowledge on ontology philosophical saying.Martin Parker (2008) stated that on epistemology way, Modernism elevates the faith in reason to a level at which it becomes equated with progress. † Clegg and Kornberger (2003) explained that Modernism does go through adherence to the canons of positivism – which discovering the Truth by using reliable measurement and valid concepts to examine knowledge against an objective world.Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) that Modernist organisation theorists believe that complete knowledge means understanding how and why organizations function the way they do and how their functioning is influenced by different environmental conditions. Modernist is emphasis on looking for universal laws and methods to solve problems, and by using standardized procedures and routine practices to control the organisation. Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) further elabourated

Perspectives on Church Government free essay sample

A model may sometimes be referred to as â€Å"polity†, the definition of a polity is â€Å"the form of government of a nation, state, church, or organization. † (The Free Dictionary n. d. ) Each model will be discussed and defended by an author, and later that chapter is rebutted by fellow authors, stating their opinions and rebuttals. (Brand and Norman 2004) The 5 Models of Church Government Single-Elder-Led Church This model is discussed by Daniel Akin, President of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. What does the Scripture say about the number of elders in a congregation? The Scripture didn’t specify whether there should be only a single elder in a congregation, but it has been noticed that the word is usually addressed in a plural manner, telling us that elders ruled as a collective body. Akin stated that it doesn’t matter how many elders there in a congregation, what’s important is who they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspectives on Church Government or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So what is a single-elder-led church, if elders ruled as a collective body? A single-elder-led church is a congregation where an elder is elected, not in rank, age, or importance, but rather in recognition by his people. He is recognized as a leader among other elders. An example given in the book is the book of Numbers Chapter 11, where Moses was directed by God to gather a group of elders to share the burden of judging the people. Akin noted, the elders shared the work with Moses but yet remained under him. (Brand and Norman 2004) What then is the strength of this polity? The elders’ authority is not based by their appointment from above, but by the people who recognized his leadership, moral standing, i. e. he was deemed worthy of leading by the people around him. This should bring a worthy and capable leader for the congregation. One who they know would be capable. The weakness I see from this model is the chance for an elder to implement an authority through autocracy. (Brand and Norman 2004) Presbytery-Led Church This chapter was written by Robert L. Reymond. The word Presbyterianism means governance by the elders. A Presbyterian church is led by a group or council of elders elected by their congregations. It is noted that when elders or overseers are elected, they will not carry out the congregation’s will but rather, rule in agreement with the Word of God, not primarily in agreement with the will of the congregation. Brand and Norman 2004, 95) Presbyterians have urged that there is evidence that the elders of local churches act together with other local congregations in the same area, forming a network like form of leadership. An example given by Reymond is the book of Acts 15:4, where the elders of Jerusalem acted under the name of â€Å"the church of Jerusalem†. This showed a connectional manner of leadership. So what is Connectionalism? It is where all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns. (dictionary. sensagent. com n. d. This makes each and every congregation reflect mutual accountability, dependency, and submission among them (Brand and Norman 2004, 95). Reymond, the author, firmly believes that Presbytery-Led church model is â€Å"the most trustworthy, just and peaceful way for the church to determine its principles, its practices and its priorities and to resolve its differences. (Brand and Norman 2004, 135) How effective is this model? It is, at most times. It provides the most trustworthy, just, and peaceful way for the church to settle or determine its principles, practices, priorities, and resolve its differences. Looking at it this way, it seems to be really effective, where fair decisions are made by discussions and arguments on the assembly held and attended by different elders of local congregations. But one must think that different people hold different views, understandings or beliefs on some issues. For example, some of the elders may or may not agree on contraceptives. Once a decision is made about an issue, those who had a different view will be forced to accept the decision made by the council. (Brand and Norman 2004) Congregation-Led Church This model was discussed by James Leo Garrett, Jr. He begins the chapter by describing what a congregational-led church is: â€Å"that form of church governance in which final human authority rests with the local or particular congregation when it gathers for decision-making. This means that decisions about membership, leadership, doctrine, worship, conduct, missions, finances, property, relationships, and the like are to be made by the gathered congregation except when such decisions have been delegated by the congregation to individual members or groups of members. (Brand and Norman 2004, 157) Simply said, unlike the Presbyterian form of polity, the Congregational-led church’s decisions were made by the whole congregation, where each member expresses their opinion on each decision-making. Democracy, this is the strength of Congregational-led form of church government. Each and every member of a local congregation can express his or her own opinion on decision-making. Although they can voice out their opinions on the decisions being made by their local congregation, these ecisions only affect their congregation, therefore may cause minor differences between local congregations, this is the weakness of this polity. (Brand and Norman 2004) Bishop-Led Church The Bishop-led church, as the name suggests, is simply a polity by which the church is under the authority of a bishop. In this chapter, Paul F. M. Zahl, Dean and President of Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry, defended this polity by presenting the readers a thorough discussion about this polity. Unlike how the other polities were presented with the use of scriptures, Zahl used old traditions and logical structure of different churches around the world. He used this information as an argument to point out the truthfulness and the bene essse of churches governed by bishops. The strength of this polity is the â€Å"One individual, one man, can do it†. Because of this, Spain became successful of promulgating Christianity among to the whole nation because one good officer is sufficient to take charge of a whole mission. (Brand and Norman 2004, 231) On the other hand, the weakness of a bishop-led church is Prelacy which means the authoritarian â€Å"personal rule† of one man. This means that the bishop, instead of performing what is written in the doctrine, becomes overpowered by his self-centered ambitions thus, in turn becomes a tyrant on governing the church. (Brand and Norman 2004, 232) Plural-Elder-Led Church This model was defended by James R. White. This model has similarities to the Presbyterian form of church polity; both have local congregations led by a group or council of elders. The difference is, the Plural-Elder-Led church is independent, unlike the Presbytery-led church where they answer to higher council of elders. James White emphasizes the importance of self-sufficiency when it comes to governing local congregations. If a church cannot function independently or has to answer to a higher power, then the offices established in that church are seen to be unfit to govern the congregation. (Brand and Norman 2004, 259) It is also similar in many ways to the single-elder-led and the congregational forms of church government, such as being independent and making decisions within the local congregations, difference is in leadership. As the name suggests, the local congregation is led by a group or council of elders. Unlike the single-elder-led church, the plural-elder-led church is led by elders of equal ranks. (Brand and Norman 2004) The strengths of this kind of polity is that it seems to be supported by events or instances were written in the Scripture, one would think it would be the right form of church government because of this. An example would be from the book of Hebrews 13:17, the verse started with the words â€Å"Obey your leaders†. The weakness I see is that, would these elders always agree with each other? How would they deal with elders who fail to uphold their duties? How about the local congregation? Don’t they any say on matters being settled by the elders? They weren’t clear about this matter. My Church My church is Grove Missionary Baptist Church which is located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The polity followed by our church is Single-Led Church since the pastor is elected by the Church body as the leader of the Church in both spiritual and administrative, and different deacons are assigned to different tasks such as financial records, cleanliness of the church, etc. For the Organizational Structure, since the current Christian Education Department serves as the foundation for teaching, Bible Study, Sunday School, Missionary Department, First Aid, Department, Usher Board, Newsletter, Media Ministry, Fitness Ministry and Deaconess Ministries. Since the department has 10 different ministries in it, it somehow hampers the development of the department and its ministries, so I would recommend they be separated into auxiliaries so that they may recruit more and further develop themselves as separate departments. I would also consider reviewing the need of the Church Council in the structure of a Baptist Church because it is open for members from other Ministries and they might not be a good fit for a Church Council Member, meaning sometimes it can get a little political. As for its form of government, Id recommend not changing into another form or polity. I believe it may only cause confusion or unnecessary changes to an already effective church. Changing the form of government won’t necessarily improve what we do or want to teach. Conclusion â€Å"Christians do not all agree on just how churches are to be governed or structured† (Brand and Norman 2004, 11) says Stanton, one of the editors, because the New Testament doesn’t specify exactly how the church should be organized or managed. Thus, each model argues and claims to be the most authentic through Biblical authenticity, citing Biblical verses and events. (Brand and Norman 2004) One thing is for certain though, the Lord clearly stated in the Scripture how He wishes His churches to be managed. First, Christ is the head of church and its supreme authority according to Colossians 1:18, and second, these local churches will be governed by elders. The Lord gave specific instructions or qualifications for someone to be an elder according to Titus 1:5-9. (Got Questions?. org n. d. ) What matters is that every church, no matter the form of church government or polity, to remain true to the Scripture. And every elder, bishop, overseer, deacons, and believer will respect and follow the Word of God and that they would always worship and praise the Lord.

Collective Nouns and Verb Agreement in Spanish

Collective Nouns and Verb Agreement in Spanish Collective nouns - singular nouns that refer to more than one being or thing - arent consistently treated as either singular or plural in Spanish. Grammar Rules for Using Collective Nouns There is one grammar rule, however, that is clear: When the collective noun  is followed immediately by a verb, the noun is treated as singular. La gente cree que las cosas estn mal. (People believe things are bad).La muchedumbre fue manipulada. (The crowd was manipulated.)Sobre el papel, el equipo era muy competitivo. (On paper, the team was very competitive.) However, when there are words that intervene - especially de followed by a plural noun - Spanish speakers are inconsistent in the verbs they use. Authorities also disagree on which choice of verb is proper. Note the following examples, all found  through a search of mainstream Spanish-language web pages: Somos un grupo de personas que conforma la lista de correo electrà ³nico. (We are a group of people who belong to an email list.)Somos un grupo de personas que deseamos compartir con ustedes. (We are a group of people who wish to share with you.)Un rebaà ±o de nubes negras pasea por el cielo. (A group of dark clouds marches across the sky.)El rebaà ±o de hembras deben integrarse en el de los machos. (The herd of females ought to blend with one of males.)Cerca de la mitad de las personas en edad de jubilacià ³n en el mundo no reciben ningà ºn tipo de pensià ³n. (About half of the worlds people of retirement age will not receive any kind of pension.)La mitad de las empresas espaà ±olas realizar on line el 20 por ciento de sus transacciones. (Half of Spanish businesses will carry out 20 percent of their transactions online.)Una docena de chicos se alimenta en el basural. (A dozen children are feeding themselves in the dump.)Una docena de entidades crean una plataforma para impuls ar el laicismo. (A dozen entities are creating a platform to promote expanded use of the laity.) There are some authorities who indicate that the choice of singular or plural verb depends on whether it refers more to the group or to the individual entities that make up the group. But as you can see from the examples above, in real speech no such distinction is made.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Writer's choice - Essay Example l, they do that faster for some customers since they have the resources at hand, on the other hand if they do not have the materials that match the customers preference and urgency, they postpone the order until the time when they get the relevant materials that match the customers need, that is when they will accomplish the order. This matches to an up close of what the customer needs, they work on the difference between their service and whatever the customer exactly needs to make sure that the variation is minimal as per the customer and further forecasting the demand and make a level for it in the period it produces it. MRP system plays a major role in predicting what might lead to a significant difference from diverse seasons at give times. As a result, this forecasting capability may lead to a change in the inventory activities at that specific time. By the company realizing the fundamental components that its activities may require, it will subsidize the purchasing bill hence become more focused and specific to the materials needed in its operations. Given that they have prior information on the required materials, the company will not have to buy the unuseful materials which are thereof useless to the operation despite them being in the warehouse, thus, leading to a big waste of time and money. Work standardization and quality practices promote easy work implementation by the workers. Notably, if the work system process is indicated adequately and controlled well, the workers will have knowledge of what to do. This leads to them working it out in a smooth way giving out the best results

Speaking Tests Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Speaking Tests - Assignment Example The OPI is a face-to-face or telephonic interview that consists of three phases: a warm-up phase, a series of level checks and probes, and a wind-down phase. This is one of the most widely accepted tests for speaking ability and is used by government agencies (The Defense Language Institute, The Peace Corps), testing institutions (Educational Testing Service) and the Federal Interagency Language Roundtable. There are many advantages to the OPI system of testing. It is easy, quick and apparently accurately forecasts the degree to which a foreign-speaker will be able to communicate in English. Unlike written tests, it actually tests English speaking ability which, as with all languages, is completely separate from the ability to read and write. The test can be performed quickly and the tester can interview multiple people in a single session. This is particularly importance within the context in which this test is often given. Thus graduate students from foreign countries are often given the test before they can perform grading and/or teaching duties in American universities. Resources for such testing are limited, and so the ability for one tester to perform multiple tests in one day is vital. There are, however, detractors who ... Basically, Messick suggests that the OPI tests do not actually represent real-life conversations. Part of the problem with OPI tests are that they do not really reflect the sheer range of speaking that occurs in actual life. Thus there is monologic speaking (one person), dialogue speaking (two people) or multiple speakers, such as in a meeting with several colleagues. The OPI tests tend to test only one of these: the dialogue. As Brown (2003) and Bonk (2003) have suggested, some speakers do better with dialogue and some with discussion activities. A test that tests one over the other is bound to be somewhat limited in its scope. Another basic problem with this type of test (although it may in fact be shared with all speaking tests) is the variability of the interviewer and his/her affect upon the test results. Each interviewer will have a unique speech style, pattern and intonation that may help (or hinder) the interviewee (Brown, 2003). Thus the test result may be seen as a co-score reached by both the tester and the subject, rather than an accurate measure of the non-native sp eaker's communication prowess. This tendency may be countered by careful training of the tester and the equally careful process of self-evaluation and objective supervision which must occur. Within one center periodic test interviews can be undertaken in which the same candidate is tested by all the testers (with suitable renumeration of course) and the tests and then compared. If test results vary too much from the mean then some additional training etc, is perhaps needed. As McNamara (1997, 2002) suggests, the more educated, skillful and eloquent the

Social penetration theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social penetration theory - Essay Example Their talk involves cliche like it has been long since we talked when they actually have little to say, life has been good it is always like that and you have grown so beautiful used at times to evade the actual topics that are personally involving. The conversations do not involve personal matters on a deeper level. Most comments during the orientation stage could be insincere or with very little sincerity or concern. The exploratory stage is where people give their opinion on light matters that are yet not deep. At this point only casual friendships develop out of social activity and conversations revolve around politics and the weather celebrities and public figures. Conversations may involve talk like I think the senator is doing a good job with his new project. Affective stage involves a lot of personal critical opinion. Persons start to express themselves and their emotion, what they like and what they do not like. They start to use the first person in statements for example, I am really not into bowling, and that man angers me or I like that girl. Relationships at this point may involve kissing and intimate touching and open statements of affection like I love you. At the stable stage, persons not only express themselves they also learn to read the other persons emotions and know what to do to please them and what to avoid doing to avoid displeasing them. At this stage personal matters are shared mutually and the people in the relationship know each other to a reasonable point (Atman, & Taylor 118). Depenetration is a radical stage where friendships may break apart. Here there is exploration in depth of the advantages of the relationship in the long run and its disadvantages. People making such decisions at this point make informed decisions. It is important that relationships be allowed to develop through the stages at their pace without being hurried to allow for the parties involved to freely share their information and develop a good platform of comm unication that is honest. Social disclosure allows for information to be shared at the sharing party’s free will. The information shared could involve activities one has been involved in or hopes to get involved in, the things they like and do not like. People share information depending on the level of trust they have developed in their counterparts and choose the information to share with them. They also consider the repercussions of sharing certain information even with their close friends(Atman, & Taylor 113). People share their personal information to reduce the impact of emotional or mental stress it has on them, to seek an opinion from a second party on major decisions or to gain moral support from close friends. Others expect to gain the confidence of their partners so much that those parties will involve them in their own experiences. Other times the disclosure may lead to the self-disclosing party being viewed differently in a better or taint reputation. The self-di sclosure process is therefore a risk by itself. It may involve very deep rooted emotions and beliefs, secrets and scarring moments of one’s past life. Relations grow with the parties’ ability to communicate. In most relationships people will try not to be a burden and even compromise their own situations to avoid conflict. There is an unspoken expectation by parties to gain confidence and trust from their partners. The relationships do not grow constantly and linearly all the same,

The benefits of Globalisation and International Trade

The benefits of Globalisation and International Trade Every coin has two sides, something like that in globalisation. We can see two sides; one is about the opportunities and second is the threats. Opportunities are the plus point for our organisation, but threats are not good for our organisation, thats why we need to knows the threats and devise strategies against the threats. In my assignment I will mention and explain here threats and organisations strategy in globalisation. Benefits of Globalisation Increase in Opportunities The opportunities for people increase by a large amount as the there is availability of large number of industries and resources. Globalisation makes more job opportunities for peoples this also opens the way for many people to moving abroad. Altimetry immigration rates increase as well. Thus it can say that this is the chance for many people to grow their economical and social life. For example, increase development in BPO sector in India there is more opportunity is now available for Indian public. competitive advantages for coca-cola company: An advantage of firm  has  over its competitors, allowing it  to generate greater sales or margins and/or  retain more customers than its competition.  There can be many types of competitive advantages including  the firms  cost structure, product offerings,  distribution network and customer support. For example, Pepsi is continually trying to maximize profits, minimize losses, and gaining more market share. Competitive advantage makes coca-cola stand out from its strong competitors such as Coca-Cola. Economies of Scale: If countries can specialise in certain goods they can benefit from economies of scale and lower average costs, this is especially true in industries with high fixed costs or that require high levels of investment. The benefits of economies of scale will ultimately lead to lower prices for consumers. For example, in UK the 10,000 mobile is made by 100 people and the cost of production is came 100,000 while in China same people make 50,000 mobile with same production cost. Challenges of Globalisation POLITICAL: In the overseas country you want to examine political policy for that organisation, which is coming from outside of their country because if the policy is rood and not in favour of good business environment, we cant expand our business in that country. We want also know the political stability of that country. Because if the government is working with other political parties, means in a situation of hung parliament they cannot taking decisions freely because of different thinking and different opinion. In this situation we want to change our strategies and change the country for our business. EXAMPLE: In India Enron project of UK established in west Bengal. It was a very big project. But because of internal politics project was stuck-down and company has got very big loss in very short time. After that they have left the project. Thats why we need to examine political stability and their behaviour for business environment. CULTURE: Culture is a main thing for every organization in the world. Like, dislike, different thinking, different languages, different food, different environment and different body structure Organization has to set their business in different condition. So they want train their employee, or select the employee of that country who are used to from it. EXAMPLE: In Pakistan their religious did not allow their women to wear fashionable cloths so the manufacture of fashion cloths are suffer for running their business successfully in Pakistan. DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT SYSTEM: Its a matter of low. Low about the tax, low about the income, and low about the government policy should be permanently. If we established our organization and after that they will change the low, we will affected by that and we will getting loss or our organization will collapse. Second thing is that before the business expands in other country we want to know the lows very well. EXAMPLE: If wine company established their organization in overseas country. But because of some reason government makes a new low against the wine. After that company or organization will collapsed. Question 2 Organisational Structure In an organization of any size or complexity, employees responsibilities typically are defined by what they do, who they report to, and for managers, who reports to them. Over time these definitions are assigned to positions in the organization rather than to specific individuals. The relationships among these positions are designed graphically in an organizational chart. The best organizational structure for any organization depends on many factors including the work it does; its size in terms of employees, revenue, and the geographic dispersion of its facilities; and the range of its businesses. As per globalisation there are mainly two structures are present. This structure is as: Divisional structure Matrix structure Network structure Mainly global company is use divisional structure for the organisation. There are two types of divisional structure means that the division is done by two different methods as, product division structure and geographical division structure. In product structure the division is done be product wise while in geographical structure the division is done by global region wise. But in general all structure has chairman, CEO, president, managers, etc. are in a proper manner which help organisation or company to achieve their goals. Based on net revenue, PepsiCo is the second largest food beverage business in the world which uses geographical structure. Within North America, PepsiCo is ranked (by net revenue) as the largest food and beverage business. Geographical division Structure Organizations that are spread over a wide area may find advantages in organizing along geographic lines so that all the activities performed in a region are managed together. In a large organization, simple physical separation makes centralized coordination more difficult. Also, important characteristics of a region may make it advantageous to promote a local focus. For example, marketing a product in Western Europe may have different requirements than marketing the same product in Southeast Asia. Companies that market products globally sometimes adopt a geographic structure. In addition, experience gained in a regional division is often excellent training for management at higher levels. From above structure of PepsiCo, inc. we can see that division is done in geographical region. At the top of the structure the chairman, president and CEO is president. And at the bottom of structure there is a different department like HRM, Finance, Manufacturing and Marketing. The person of bottom line has to report at the top persons. PepsiCo, Incorporated is a Fortune 500, American global corporation headquartered in Purchase, Harrison, New York, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which include an acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and a merger with Quaker Oats in 2001 which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio as well. As of 2009, 19 of PepsiCos product lines generated retail sales of more than $1 billion each and the companys products were distributed across more than 200 countries, resulting in annual net revenues of $43.3 billion. This structure has been developed with as few layers between manufacturer, the dealer and the customer. By removing layers and giving leaders increased accountability, PepsiCo, inc. allow them to move faster and focus on what needs to be done. Section B Question 2: Business Ethics Ethics and compliance play a tremendous factor in the overall success of an organization. They are excellent tactics for building organizational trust and transparency. Ethics and compliance empowers the organization to minimize risk and maximize your culture of integrity. Role of Ethics and Compliance in Pepsi-Cola The Pepsi-Cola company is strongly committed to delivering sustained growth through empowered people acting responsibly and building trust, (PepsiCo Inc.,  2010). Pepsi-Cola aspires to be a environmentally and socially responsible company and upholds their commitment with six guiding principles: Take care of the customers and consumers; sell high quality products; always speak the truth; equally balance both short-term and long-term goals; win with both inclusion and diversity, and always respect others and succeed as a team. The compliance committee is responsible for managing Pepsi-Colas compliance program, using issue resolution strategies and making recommendations to support them. The Chief Compliance Official and Vice President, lead the Pepsi-Cola compliance program, and chairs Pepsi-Colas compliance committee. The compliance is broken down into four sub-committees. These subcommittees include: Anti-trust- which focuses on the organizations sales; Safety and Environment- which focuses on operations, fleet, plants, and the personnel that staffs them; Human Resources- which primarily relates to labour issues and employment; Finance- which encompasses all financial integrity, recent overlay of Sarbanes-Oxley, and the requirements that has been placed on the company. PepsiCo Procedures Ensuring Ethical Behaviour PepsiCo is committed to strict corporate standards to ensure accountability for the company actions. This is evident by the many corporate governance standards in place. The processes and policies that are in place include the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, Audit Committee Charter, By-Laws, Compensation Committee Charter, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Disclosure Committee Charter, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter, and the Policy for Audit, Audit-Related and Non-Audit Services. The Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation states the guidelines of the incorporation process regarding PepsiCo Inc. This includes the proper name of the company; that the company is to have perpetual existence; the official address; and the purpose of the organization being incorporated along with the product description as stated by North Carolina law (PepsiCo Inc.,  2010). The Audit Committee charter is the charter that handles the financial governance. It is made up of independent directors that have expertise in financial literacy, which guide and monitor the financial reporting and accounting policies of the company (PepsiCo Inc., 2010). The next area of governance is the company by-laws. The by-laws are the rules and procedures the company uses to run the company. These by-laws also document the expectations of the shareholders, officers, and directors of the company and the rights and power of each position (PepsiCo inc., 2010). Along with setting the rights and pow ers of the executive branch of the company is the need for monitoring and setting policies on compensation; therefore, the compensation committee charter was put into place. This committee is made up of entirely independent directors (PepsiCo Inc., 2010). It is important to implement successful ethics and compliance guidelines in any organization. PepsiCo utilizes compliance committees and guidelines which help to take the guesswork out of building risk reduction and setting forth standards of the highest ethical standards to ensure that the organization is running at optimal effectiveness comprehensively. These committees helps the organization to also meet unique ethics and compliance requirements that delivers sustained growth through empowered people acting responsibly and building trust. Question 2 Recommendation and Regulation of Corporate Governance Corporate governance is a set of relationship between a companys management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders. Corporate governance provides a structure in favour of organisational objective, means they can set the structure with objectives and they can monitor the performance as well. Good corporate governance should provide proper incentives for the board and management to pursue objectives that are in the interest of the company and shareholders and should facilitate effective monitoring, thereby encouraging firms or companies to use resources more efficiently. Corporate governance means The system by which companies is directed and controlled (Cadbury report, 1992) Implement a suitable recommendations and regulations in an organisation for the organisational objectives. The Cadbury committee has four recommendations for good corporate governance. The responsibilities of directors: The primary objectives of the Directors of the Board of Directors (the Board) of General Motors Company (GM or the Company) are to: 1) identify individuals qualified to serve as members of the Board and, where appropriate, recommend individuals to be nominated by the Board for election by the stockholders or to be appointed by the Board to fill vacancies consistent with the criteria approved by the Board; (2) develop and periodically review and assess a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company and make appropriate recommendations to the Board for adoption and, where appropriate, modification of such principles; (3) oversee an annual evaluation of the performance of the Board; (4) recommend to the Board the compensation of directors; and (5) perform a leadership role in shaping the Companys corporate governance practices and provide oversight with respect to its corporate governance conduct. The case for establishing audit committee: The purpose of the audit committee is to assist the General Motors board of directors in its oversight of the integrity of GMs financial statements, GMs compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the qualifications and independence of the external auditors and the performance of GMs internal audit staff and external auditors. The committee shall: Independently and objectively monitor the effectiveness of GMs financial reporting process and systems of disclosure controls and internal controls; Review and appraise the audit process of GMs external auditors and internal audit staff; Provide for open, ongoing communications regarding GMs financial position and affairs between the Board and the external auditors, GMs financial and senior management, and GMs internal audit staff; Review GMs policies and compliance procedures regarding ethics and legal risk; Oversee the preparation of the Audit Committee Report for the annual proxy statement (to the extent applicable); and Provide periodic status reports to the Board. The principal responsibilities of auditors: Discuss with management and the external auditors the annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements (to the extent applicable) prior to filing. This will include Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and GMs earnings announcements, including the use of pro forma or adjusted non GAAP information, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies, and the results of the external auditors reviews. These discussions may be general, covering the type of information to be disclosed and presentation to be made, and need not take place in advance. The Committee may be represented by the Chair or a subcommittee to review earnings announcements. Companies Act 2006: This regulation was reviewed in 2002 and it was implementing in late 2006. The main aim was improvement of corporate governance in UK. They add some new provisions which effect to shareholders, directors, auditors and company Secretaries. The act draws on the findings of the company law review proposal. The main point is as follow. . Good communication with shareholders through electronic communication system by company. . Service address of directors can be on public record instead of their home address. . Shareholders are not fully responsible for directors liability. . .Articles of association is carrying simple for private company. . Company secretary is not necessary in private company. . AGM of private company hold in some situation. . Shareholders will get all information more regular. . Institutional investors to disclose how they can use their vote Financial Services Authority: This regulation was reviewed in September 2006 by Financial Service Authority. Area of discussed was- corporate governance, continuing obligations and the financial information. The Turner review was published in 2009.The points were risk free remuneration policy, increase the independence of risk management functions and none executive directors required a skill and time commitment to effectively perform their role. Conclusion In the global business world the strategy and resources are not enough to fulfil organisational objectives. Along with the benefit globalisation has some drawback as well. Business needs good corporate governance effective business ethics and appropriate organisational structure. All these factors push organisation objectives towards success.

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

After she reveals the "dastardly deed" to her husband, he becomes understandably agitated; in his frustration he shares the outside world with her, the ignorance of the serious business world, and destroys her innocence and self-esteem. This disillusion marks the final destructive blow to her doll's house. Their ideal home including their marriage and parenting has been a fabrication for the sake of society. Nora's decision to leave this false life behind and discover for herself what is real is directly symbolic of woman's ultimate realization. Although she becomes aware of her supposed subordinateness, it is not because of this that she has the desire to take action. Nora is utterly confused, as suggested by Harold Clurman, "She is groping sadly in a maze of confused feeling toward a way of life and a destiny of which she is most uncertain (256)." The one thing she is aware of is her ignorance, and her desire to go out into the world is not to "prove herse lf" but to discover and educate herself. She must strive to find her individuality. That the perception of woman is inaccurate is also supported by the role of Torvald. Woman is believed to be subordinate to the domineering husband. Instead of being the strong supporter and protector of his family, Nora's husband is a mean and cowardly man. Worried about his reputation he cares little about his wife's feelings and fails to notice many of her needs. The popular impression of man is discarded in favor of a more realistic view, thus illustrating society's distorted views. Ibsen, through this controversial play, has an impact upon society's view of the subordinate position of women. By describing this role of woman, discussing its effects, and predicting a change in contemporary views, he stressed the importance of woman's realization of this believed inferiority. Woman should no longer be seen as the shadow of man, but a person in herself, with her own triumphs and tragedies. The exploration of Nora reveals that she is dependant upon her husband and displays no independent standing. Her progression of understanding suggests woman's future ability to comprehend their plight. Her state of shocked awareness at the end of the play is representative of the awakening of society to the changing view of the role of woman. "A Doll's House" magnificently illustrates the need f... ...le that Nora expects and the miracle that actually happens are entirely different. Nora dreams of the day that her husband will sympathize with her and cease to be the dominating figure with the "upper hand" in their relationship. She expects him to understand her struggles with the law and to be willing to take some of the blame himself. However, when he reacts to Krogstad's letter by exhibiting more dominance and control than ever before, Nora becomes more aware of her own individual needs as a woman in society. She understands that in order to be free, she must develop her own view of the world, by setting herself apart from the control and determinism that males have over her life. Therefore, Nora's decision to leave her husband and family is ironic because it proves to be the "miracle" she is waiting for, rather than the one she originally expected. Nora becomes a feminist heroine in the play by showing what women can achieve, but rarely attempt. The dete rminism that many men force on their women partners in society (in forms of control, dominance, and power) restricts the women's ability to strengthen as individuals, and gain their own self-determinism.

A Review about the movie “Raise Your Voice” Essay

This is about a young woman named, Terri Fletcher (Hillary Duff), who’s fond of singing to herself, but never in public. She is always afraid to raise her voice to the world. However, she and her brother, Paul Fletcher (Jason Ritter), is sharing the same dream, for Terri to be a famous and successful artist, so he secretly captured her talent and then sent it to California’s most famous music school. Paul was very excited about the application that he asked Terri to go and sneak with him to see a concert. On the way home, a truck hit them that killed Paul. Terri became very traumatic about it, especially when seeing a light ray; it reminds her of her brother’s death. She became very depressed about the incident that she blames herself of it. Until they received a letter from her dream school, saying that she was admitted and that, the school has offered her a spot to the following school year. Even though it’s her dream school and that every aspiring artist would die to be admitted to this school, she has no plan of accepting their offer, for she’s thinking that by accepting the offer could also mean that she’s betraying her brother to leave him alone, not knowing that her brother sent the application himself. But her parents told her that this could also be a good opportunity for her to take a break after everything that has happened. By pursuing her and her brother’s dream could also give her a way to be far from home, far from traumatic memories of her brother, to be freed from her guilt. She then, accepted the offer and went to California. She didn’t know what’s awaiting there for her but she’s hoping that somehow her brother will help her pursue their dreams. She brought nothing but her talent and her inspiration with her. She feels so alone, until she met Jay Corgan (Oliver James). He is also a student in California Music High School; he’s the first to approach Terri and helped her fix her arrangements in the school. She’s lucky to readily find a friend in a foreign place. He helped her in all things and together, they faced the challenges encountered. But, there came the time that she fail to meet her professors’ expectations and that she became hopeless of trying to do so. Then, her professor showed her something to cheer her up. It’s her brother’s video of her singing, supporting and cheering for her. She then, felt the tears in her eyes, and finally knew that it’s all because of her brother that everything came to pass, that she’s about to reach their dream. And that, her brother only wants the best for her. She’s lifted from her burdens and felt her brother’s love for her. From then on, she did her best to make up for her brother and that her brother’s efforts won’t be put to waste. Jay never left her through the journey to their dreams. But there’s still something that Terri needs to overcome. It’s her fear of light rays. She’s still suffering a trauma. It’s essential for her to overcome her trauma, for in order to perform on stage, lights are dawned on you! She couldn’t perform unless she overcome her weaknesses. In lined with this, there is a competition on campus and her professor is expecting the both of them, Terri and Jay, to join the competition. She feared that her weakness would lead them to failure, so she decided not to participate. However, Jay insisted that he’ll help her get over her trauma and let go of her guilt. Thinking of her brother again, she joined the competition with Jay and hoped that her brother will help her win the race. They rehearsed too hard and prepared for the competition. Then came the competition, everyone is furious about it, even her parents who’s aware of Terri’s fright of lights. They fear that she might freak out or collapse whenever that happens. But they are somewhat believing that she can do it and that Paul will help her in his own ways. And miracles  happened. When Terri and Jay’s turn came, lights were already dawned on them. She felt the trauma again and was frightened, she couldn’t sing. But suddenly, she saw her brother, smiling at him from the lights, cheering her up and let her know that he’s proud of her. The scenario lightened her feeling and took her trauma away. From then on, everything she do, she dedicates it to her brother, who first believed in her. And taught her how to raise her voice to the world!

Placenta Previa

Placenta Previa High Risk Pregnancy Placenta previa occurs when an embryo implants itself in the lower uterus and the developing placenta thereby implants low in the uterus and covers the internal cervical os. The previa can be complete, which involves the placenta covering the internal cervical os completely, or partial, which involves only a portion of the placenta covering the cervical os. The diagnosis is of placenta previa is often made in the second trimester by ultrasonography testing and is monitored for placental migration away from the os which occurs with uterine growth.Placenta previa in the second trimester puts the client at risk for developing vasa previa and thought to be a result of inflammatory atrophic changes to the placenta. In the third trimester, placenta previa is the leading cause of painless bleeding leading to hemorrhage. The bleeding occurs as the placental attachment is disrupted from thinning of the area as the cervix and uterus prepare for labor. Due to the location of the placenta, the uterus is unable to contract to stop the flow of blood from the vessels.When bleeding occurs, Thrombin is released and stimulates uterine contractions, which thereby disrupt the placental attachment from the uterus even more, causing increased bleeding and can eventually lead to hemorrhage (Joy, 2012). The incidence of placenta previa is in approximately one in 200 pregnancies, has a mortality rate of 0. 03%. Common risk factors include previous placenta previa, previous cesarean births, suction curettage for miscarriage, carrying more than one baby, delivery of six or more pregnancies, and tobacco or substance abuse (Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & Wilson, 2010).For first time pregnancies, placenta previa occurs in about 1 in 1,500 pregnancies but the risk for women who have had more than five pregnancies increases to about 5 in 100 pregnancies.References: J oy, S. M. (2012, June 5). Placenta Previa. Retrieved September 29, 2012, from Medscape: emedicine. medscape. com/article/262063-overview#a0104 Perry, S. E. , Hockenberry, M. J. , Lowdermilk, D. L. , & Wilson, D. (2010). Maternal Child Nursing Care. Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier.

How to Use Multimedia to Bolster Your Marketing Strategy [PODCAST]

How to Use Multimedia to Bolster Your Marketing Strategy [PODCAST] Some people learn best from reading, but others prefer to watch or listen to content. Although you probably put a lot of time into your blog, website, and other written marketing products, multimedia content is becoming increasingly more popular. Knowing where to begin and how to make the process more efficient just might be the key to your success as a marketer. Today, we’re talking to Ander Frischer, the marketing educator at Instapage. He’s going to share his insights on how he handles the process of creating multimedia content, plus a whole lot more. You won’t want to miss today’s episode! Some of the highlights of the show include: Information about Instapage, including their impressive conversion rate. A few tips on landing page advertising personalization and why A/B testing is so important. Why it’s so important to include multimedia content in any marketing strategy. How Ander integrated interactive multimedia content into the marketing strategy at Instapage and what he was hoping to achieve. How personalization has helped boost project results at Instapage. Some insights on the process for launching a webinar. Ander’s process for organizing a podcast. Tips for getting quality engagement from your listeners or readers. Ander’s best advice for someone who wants to get started with adding multimedia content to their marketing strategy. If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Ander: â€Å"I like to hold back from giving one-size-fits-all optimization tips because every business is different.† â€Å"A podcast is a great opportunity to cultivate relationships.† â€Å"The most rewarding thing about what I do is hearing from people.†

Comic Violence in the Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comic Violence in the Advertisement - Essay Example The case for displacement was made early on, wherein it was shown that it is a psychological determinant which is required to harness energies. It was given as a defense mechanism, which would actually redress the anxieties of the viewers, and help them appreciate reality in a better way. They endeavored to make a case advocating catharsis that this displacement helps ease things vis-Ã  -vis anger. This is incorrect because ironically, aggression itself is a venting-out mechanism and is unconsciously used by humans in response to an uncomforting stimulus. Now having a defense mechanism for a defense mechanism is just too perplexing for the cause of this simplistic thesis statement!Here is where the second issue of ‘anxiety’ comes in question. There are other defense mechanisms apart from displacements which are used by humans to put their anxieties to rest. Freud and other psychoanalysts have added since long to this list, and major mentions include sublimation, rationa lization, repression, regression, and actualization etc. Thus, giving total credit to ‘displacement’ as the sole caretaker of anxiety as an emotion is scientifically incorrect. Anxiety itself is not a psychological problem, and many specialists say that it is normal and recommended to have a bare minimum of it at given times. It is actually imminent whenever adrenaline is secreted, and hence its presence is unavoidable. However, the presentation does not appropriately study and tackle the incidence of anxiety itself, what causes it, what may be the remedies. It has been wrongly mixed with ‘frustration’ and ‘fear’ that is prevalent these days after the 9/11 scenario.‘Slapstick humor’ has sadly been confused with ‘violence’ many times in their presentation. They are very different entities, and cannot and should not be psychologically put at par. Also, its link to likeness (or otherwise) of a brand has not been scientifi cally established in their study. There has been no research which can directly prove that one is the cause of the other on their part.

Field Experience #5 Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Field Experience #5 Policy - Essay Example The challenges in evaluated are in a wider dimension linked to the interpretations in policies and guiding procedures for teacher evaluation. For effective evaluation, there is need to review the consistency of the policies with the state law to ascertain their legality and their entire separation from procedural requirements of teacher evaluation. From a general point of view, the policies are supposed to give guidance for procedures in the assessment to ensure legal consistency. A policy is simply a set of rules and principles which are used as a guide in decision making or procedural activities with the goals of the principles clearly stated. The teacher evaluation policy is part of Arizona’s education policies in which there are guidelines to teacher evaluation procedures. Policies are usually politically negotiated rules governing the entire operation of a system which in our case is teacher evaluation and must be consistent with the law. On the other hand teacher evaluation procedure is a set of guidelines agreed upon by professionals in the field on best practice in evaluating teachers for compliance to education policies. This might be the beginning of the trouble in understanding policy and procedural requirement of teacher evaluation because of some inconsistencies in the application of the two especially after the law changes in Arizona. In the Standards for Arizona Teachers we find more description of procedural activities in teacher evaluation and less of policy matters. It offers a criterion for judgment of good practice and indicators of teacher failure. As part of legislation we find the policies based on the old set of law on education but with the recent changes there is a lot that is inconsistent with the state law. Just to cite an example the law which is observed to discriminate against teachers whose first language is not English is contrary to what the policy covers under communication requirements of a teacher. In

Puzzles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puzzles - Essay Example elieved that Pythagoras used anagrams to determine philosophical meanings, while Plato believed that anagrams revealed divinity and destiny (Anagrams FAQ). The Romans believed that anagrams actually had mystical and prophetic meanings (Wikipedia). In spite of their popularity in ancient times, anagrams seemed to disappear until the middle ages when Jewish mystics called Cabbalists believed that reciting letters from the Hebrew alphabet in various orders could work miracles and create humans from dust (Sydney Morning Herald). In 17th Century France, Louis the XIII appointed a Royal Anagrammist to whom he paid a reportedly exorbitant salary. By 1988, the first stand-alone anagram generating software was produced underscoring a fascination with this puzzle form that has existed for several thousand years. (Sydney Morning Herald). Throughout history, anagrams have gone in and out of popularity, and they have been used in several applications in addition to providing entertainment for puzzle solvers. Authors have used anagrams of their own names to create pseudonyms for their writing. Writers have also been known to use anagrams of actual people as the names of unpleasant characters. In addition to literature, anagrams have appeared in song lyrics. Jim Morrison used an anagram of his own name, â€Å"Mr. Mojo Risin† in the song â€Å"L.A. Woman.† Other songwriters have used anagrams for titles of songs of for band names. Galileo and other scientists used anagrams to protect their discoveries from being claimed by others. Cryptic crossword puzzles use anagrams as clues to add another dimension to crossword puzzles. (Wikipedia). Before the advent of computers, anagrams were created using pen and paper or letter tiles. Individual words have been anagrammed as well as entire sentences. With the creation of computer programs for anagramming, not only are there more possibilities for the numbers and kinds of anagrams that can be created, but also the games that can be played

Impact Technology Has on Small Businesses Essay Example for Free

Impact Technology Has on Small Businesses Essay Technology has given the world a 360 degrees turn, as well as all businesses. Technology has a great impact on our society, culture, businesses and education. This essay will not only prove why it has an impact on small businesses but also prove how it makes technology so much better and efficient. | The Impact Technology has on Businesses The impact that technology can make on a small business is huge. Technology has made the world a more efficient and more organized place to succeed, and can help a small business be a big success and accomplishment. By making a website for your business, you can help the business expand by selling products through the website, by doing this you expand the business world wide and can increase profit. You can also organize your business in all aspect, simple tasks made in a business such as book keeping and record keeping can make so much simpler by using technology. Technology is not just computers but is phones also, which is an essential for any business to have. With technology small businesses can become world-wide businesses and exceed the main purpose and achievement of the owner. To begin with, technology has made businesses grow. By using computers to achieve simple task as book keeping can make the job easier and keep all papers organized. Computers can help perform many tasks that offices have to do, like book keeping. Microsoft excel can help you perform this task in one single page without confusions and with less work than by paper. This is because excel can perform calculations for you once you adapt it, it is as simple as that. You can perform book keeping, record keeping, and perform all kind of calculations fast, understandable and visible in a single page. Now a day, you can have your meetings with business partners who are around the world in front of your computer! You can use Phones which are also a part of technology, and without them you can’t make orders for your business, or talk to others business people who can help you make your business grow while making you grow as an owner and entrepreneur also. Productivity can also improve in so many ways by using technology. Technology is exciting and can make things happen in a blink of an eye, work can be so much easier for employees. For example, now supermarkets have advance machines in order to ring the customer’s supplies, if an error occurs the employee can easily delete it instead of ringing everything up again. Without the advance technology we have today, the employees would have to put all prices by hand meaning they have to memorize all prices and if an error occurs, they will have to ring everything up again in order for the total to be correct. Also by having meetings done at that instant online you can save all the time of flying across the world to meet with a business partner, so whatever was in concern can be fixed and finish what you have to do, meaning more progress and productivity. By producing a website for your business can you can help it grow and expand your business to many other countries and produce more profit. By making a website many more people can see what your business bring to the world and have to offer. While a website is world-wide, your customers are world-wide, meaning more goods and services the business provide will be obtained and sold. If you sell your merchandize through the web you can perform a test and see how many states and countries, would like to have one of your businesses around based on the location wants and needs and construct the business in that specific location. For that fact, that the owner can make the business grow in difference ways, he/she can grow as an entrepreneur also. Finally with technology, you can produce more profit. By using technology in several ways you can increase the income of the business. Obviously, if you can produce and sell more not only in your location of business but in the web and around the world in which you will expand your business to, you will sell and increase profit. The entrepreneur’s income will increase and his success will exceed what was thought to be achieved. Anyone can be an entrepreneur but only the ones who force themselves to do better, can achieve excellence. I think that to install various businesses is not what makes an entrepreneur is how you keep those business stabilize and running is what makes a great entrepreneur. Technology doesn’t have to be imported into the business, business can be technology. There are many businesses in which technology is the main purpose, some businesses produce and sell technology, all kinds and types of it. From computers to printers to phones, not only phones but smart phones and templates which can be made into computers, mp3 and iPod. These are gadgets that are nothing without technology; technology is what brings all these gadgets to live. Some businesses cannot produce without technology if you think of it. For example, supermarkets, when you go pay at the registers, most supermarkets are now complete made of technology, the weigh in order to know the prices of fruits and vegetables are connected to the computer which transfer the weight and gives you a price, the screen you look at to keep in check the prices, that’s connected to the same monitor and it all combines to the register. When you are ready to pay and it’s with your credit card, you pass it through a machine which is connected to all and the internet to get an approval. This all needs technology to function. Matthew Hohn said â€Å"Together with the advancement of science and technology, technological innovations grew along with it, resulting to the emergence of new equipment and gadgets. No matter how big or small your company is, technology brings both intangible and tangible benefits to become cost efficient and to meet the growing demands and needs of customers† in the article. I agree with him in every aspect, technology has advance the way to look into our world and experiences, and by connecting businesses with technology and the way it can change the whole business completely is incredible. It’s truly amazing how technology has changed our world in many different ways and completely. In conclusion, technology has gave business the chance to expand and grow in many ways, by increasing profit, increasing chances of making a being a better one and achieving all the success it thought it will. With technology small businesses can become a world-wide business which will exceed achievement. By becoming world-wide the business will exceed the main purpose and achievement of the owner. Technology can go a really long way especially when it’s combined with business and greatness.

Abortion pro life vs pro choice

Abortion pro life vs pro choice Pro-life vs. pro-choice is a nasty debate that doesnt seem to have many answers. There are many questions and facts to back up both sides of the argument. Some people say abortion is a womens rights issue. Other people say its an issue of morality, and still others an issue of just being right. The issue of abortion rights is an opinionated controversy in public life. Every person has an opinion about abortion rights, and it seems that a moral objective has become divided into two different arenas-social issues vs. religious issues, with the Church and the politicians in the direct line of fire. On one side of the abortion rights debate are the pro-life proponents. In the United States, the position of most Christian churches is that the Church has something to say about public life and the good society. The primary involvement of the U.S. Catholic bishops in public life in the last decade focused on abortion. The movement is not flexible, and while the movement recognizes that some women might not be ready to become mothers, pro-life supporters offer women a chance to give up their babies or offer support services. The pro-life movement is simple: abortion is murder and murder is bad. Pro-lifers measure life as beginning at the moment of conception. Anything which may disrupt a pregnancy (including birth control) is wrong. On the surface, the pro-life movement seems to impact the reproductive rights of women-because it does. While Roe vs. Wade 1973 allows women the right to choose to have elective abortions, pro-life supporters believe that the law abortion 3 should stop this from happening. Pro-lifers believe that all abortions are wrong and that every baby should have a chance to be born. The pro-life movement gave rise in the sixties. The proponents maintain that the fetus is alive and human. They believe that the unborn fetus is a person and physically independent, and as a person, the fetus has human rights. Pro-life believers agree that killing an unborn fetus is murder. There appears to be a competition between the U.S. Catholic and American politics. The bishops describe abortion and euthanasia as pre-eminent threats to human dignity because they directly attack life itself. The bishops declare that killing an unborn child is evil and to make such an evil action legal is wrong. Their opposition to legal abortion is the primary social issue. The Churchs teaching that direct abortion is morally wrong has become a tradition in the Church itself-the Church teaches that abortion is not only morally wrong, it is murder. Pro-lifers argue for the rights of unborn fetuses. Catholic moral teaching is based on the dignity of the human person, and the principles based on this foundation of human dignity apply across the board to all life issues. Abortion is now the fundamental human rights issue of today. The outcome of the debate between pro-choice and pro-life opponents needs to be politically correct and morally right. Pro-life and pro-choice are terms of political framing. The Catholic Church does not give women a personal choice in the abortion issue. Abortion is murder and pro-life is anti-abortion. The end abortion 4 result could possibly be that the U.S. bishops and the American politicians will both win their side of the controversy at hand: the social issue and the religious issue of abortion rights will not be morally right, and abortion will not be legal. In the argument for pro-choice, those who want women to have the choice whether or not to have an abortion, the debate does not discuss whether life begins at fertilization. The argument in pro-choice is not necessarily that all women should HAVE abortions, but that women should have the CHOICE whether or not to have one. Pro-choice is a middle ground; anti-choice is forced motherhood. Pro-choice supporters believe abortion should be settled privately between a woman and her doctor. Pro-choice is not pro-abortion. Supporters include those who are personally against abortion, but who do not impose their viewpoint on all women. The pro-choice movement does not advocate abortion over birth-it simply defends the right of women to decide for themselves. The pro-choice believers support and work towards preventing unwanted pregnancies, reducing abortion, promoting contraception, educating women and youth, and ensuring that families have the necessary resources to raise healthy happy children. Abortion clinics and hospitals follow proper protocol for abortion. These clinics must provide full information on the risks and side effects and procedures. They must allow a woman to view the embryo, inform her if there are twins, and provide fetal development photos. All women are counseled on birth control, and counselors offer non-judgmental options to the women. abortion 5 Most women have already made up their minds to have abortions when they visit an abortion clinic, yet 1 to 5% change their minds after counseling. Clinic counselors clear up womens anxieties and fears about abortion. An abortion clinic counselor saves far more unborn babies in a year than an anti-abortion picketer saves in a lifetime. The pro-choice movement and abortion providers are in the business of protecting and respecting womens rights, their moral autonomy, and their choices. They want every woman to be willing and every child to be wanted. Pro-woman, pro-child, pro-family, and pro-life in the true sense of that term. The movement struggles alone in efforts to decrease the need for abortions. Anti-choice opposes contraception and sexual education-a possible return to illegal unsafe abortions. Legal safe abortion is a matter of fundamental rights for women BECAUSE LAWS AGAINST ABORTION DONT STOP ABORTION. Pro-choice supporters do not want to debate with those who wish to strip women of their rights. In my opinion, the moral issue has been transferred from Church to state. Pro-life is a struggle between what is politically correct and morality. Both the pro-life and pro-choice movements have become a moral and political debate between the Church and the lawmakers and work toward their own desires and goals. The Catholic Church says that killing an unborn child is evil and to make such abortion 6 an action legal is wrong. The Church interprets abortion as killing and teaches that killing is a mortal sin. I question where the interpretation comes from: the Bible? The Ten Commandments? The Vatican? The Church thinks that abortion is a threat to human dignity because it directly attacks life itself. The moral issue of abortion becomes a social issue because of the Churchs opposition to legal abortion. They are saying that the act of making an abortion legal is wrong. Its almost like blaming the lawmakers for the sin of abortion. Then, they want the law to enforce their teachings. The abortion issue is not whether a woman is committing a sin by having an abortion, its who is legally responsible for her decision and the outcome. A woman should have the rightful freedom to believe what she wants to believe, and her sin (if it is a sin), is between her and God-not the Church, and not the law. The Church does not give women a personal choice in the abortion choice, therefore, they are taking away their fundamental human rights. I am not going to debate whether pro-life issues are correct or false, but rather, try to understand what pro-life is, what it means, and why its still being argued as the right way. On the other hand, the pro-choice movement is an ethical view that women should have the choice to continue or terminate a pregnancy. If abortion is not legal, women will return to illegal unsafe abortions. I believer that a woman should have the RIGHT to choose what to do with her body, and at the same time, I support the teachings of the Catholic Church that abortion is morally wrong. Abortion is a moral choice for any woman wishing to abortion 7 control her body-and this should be a certain unalienable right. If I were attempting to exercise my right of choice to have or not have an abortion, I would need to ask myself the following questions: -Is the fetus alive? Of course. Its a biological mechanism-a genesis of new life. But it does not have human rights-including the right to be aborted during its gestation. -Is it human? Yes-a human being in an early stage of development-not with full human rights. -Is it a person? No-just a potential person. -Is it physically independent? No-absolutely dependent on another human being for its continued existence. -Does it have human rights? Yes and no. Not before birth. -Is abortion murder? No-its not an independent person. While I support the teachings of the Church, I believe that a women should have the right to choose what to do with her body. The pro-choice movement wants every woman to be willing and every child to be wanted. Pro-woman, pro-child, pro-family, and pro-life in the true sense of that term. No one has the right answer, but no one has the wrong answer either. Although the woman always has the right to choose, the pro-life movement makes some good points any scared and single mother might want to consider. As for my feelings, I believe that abortion is a private issue-an issue that abortion 8 should be between a woman and God. I believe the Churchs teaching that God gave me free will to make my own decisions. I think that the pro-choice movement struggles alone in its efforts to decrease the need for abortion. Legal safe abortion is a matter of fundamental rights for women because LAWS AGAINST ABORTION DONT STOP ABORTION. Pro-life vs. pro-choice is a vicious debate that doesnt seem to have many answers. Some people say abortion is a womens rights issue. Other people say its an issue of morality, and still other an issue of just being right. abortion 9

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Thesis: Slaves managed to be the main beneficiaries of a movement so entirely unintended for them because, in a series of coincidences brought about by certain effects of Northern progress and improvement, the promotion of their interests became profitable to to the concerns of other classes. Counter-argument: some might argue that slaves could not have been the primary beneficiaries of the progress and improvement taking place in the North in 19th century america b/c there were very few slaves in the north; they were primarily concentrated in the south which was little affected by these changes and with slaves being so remote from the situation, how could they have benefited from it? --while the south obviously did not experience the level of transformation that the north and midwestern regions underwent, it did not go untouched by this era of change--it apparently made southerners even more sealed in their determination to "preserve their way of life based on slavery,"as evidenced by their attempt to secede from the Union. Merely the fact that they reacted so strongly to the changes they perceived in the North indicates the force of the effect that progress had on them. --the very fact that there were few slaves in the north and so many in the south only contributed to the progress-fueled growing distinction between the North and South, the former of whom could not understand--likely because there were so few slaves in the North--the "semifeudal economic and social system" to which the South was "hopelessly attached" due to their dependence on slavery (p. 5, Sheriff). Point: Wage laborers necessary to the realization of improvements in the 19th century began to be perceived as a morally inferior permanent underclass--this elicited fears & changes in opinion involving progress--some (i.e. Bethel society) began to think that one man's (the businessman's) profit came at another's (the worker's) expense--brought about increasing desire for moral reform--leading to 2nd Great Awakening--which in turn led to popularity of abolitionist sentiment. Point: Decreasing reliance on slavery as a necessity to the maintenance of a stable economy, coupled with the still-strong Revolutionary ideals of liberty & equality, drew attention to injustices inherent in slavery. --slaves were necessary before because men were trying to produce huge quantities to ship over to England, at first to pay back their joint-stock companies and then to secure their stability in the "New World." but in the 19th century people were settled into their ways of life, and farmers did not feel such urgency to overproduce.

PH lab report

Background information/Research PH paper (litmus paper) determines how acidic or how basic a substance is. The ape changes color accordingly to color code on the pH scale. The pH scale starts from O to 14. The lower the number the more acidic it is. Zero is the most acidic, and 14 is the most bas c while 7 is the neutral number for example water. Examples of an acid Is lemon Juice or multi p repose cleaner. Examples of a basic substance Is shampoo or liquid soap. We use pH for the products we use and food that we eat to check if it is safe to use for us humans and not harm us.With PH. Products have become safer and less harmful to our environment and ourselves. Materials Various indicators BRB blue Phew red Met red Methyl blue Met orange Methyl yellow Various unknowns Watch trays Procedures 1. Take 6 indicators that are all different colors. 2. Take the 4 unknowns numbered 14 3. Take a watch tray and wash it down before using it. 4. Put the indicator that Is numbered 1 in 6 slots on the watch tray. (Only put in one d rope) 5. Take each Indicator and put It in 1 slot each, each slot should have a different Indict taro color. (Again only one drop) .Record results and observations down on a table. Observe If It changed color, If It c hanged from 7. Wash down the watch tray again so you do not mix chemicals, or else your data will be inaccurate. 8. Repeat steps 47 for the last 3 unknowns. Results After the LAB I had various different results for each indicator reaction to the unknown All together I had 24 results, 6 results for each unknown. A couple of the indicators re acted to the unknown differently than the others. They started to change one color, then a bit late r it would change to a different color.